Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon

The Right Honourable The Earl of Clarendon JP PC
Portrait by Peter Lely
First Lord of the Treasury
In office 19 June 1660 – 8 September 1660
Monarch	Charles II of England
Preceded by	The Lord Cottington (Lord High Treasurer)
Succeeded by	Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton
Lord Chancellor
In office 1660–1667
Preceded by	Vacant (last held by Sir Edward Herbert)
Succeeded by	Orlando Bridgeman
Chancellor, University of Oxford
In office 1660–1667
Member of the Long Parliament for Saltash
In office November 1640 – August 1642 (disbarred)
Member of the Short Parliament for Wootton Bassett
In office April 1640 – May 1640
Personal details
Born	(1609-02-18)18 February 1609 Dinton, Wiltshire, England
Died	9 December 1674(1674-12-09) (aged 65) Rouen, France
Resting place	Westminster Abbey[1]
Spouses	Anne Ayliffe ​ ​ (m. 1629; died 1629)​ Frances Aylesbury ​ ​ (m. 1634; died 1667)​
Relations	Mary II of England (granddaughter) Anne, Queen of Great Britain (granddaughter)
Children	Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester Edward Hyde James Hyde Anne, Duchess of York Frances Hyde
Parent(s)	Henry Hyde Mary Langford
Alma mater	Hertford College, Oxford
Occupation	Statesman Lawyer Diplomat Historian
Signature

Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon PC JP (18 February 1609 – 9 December 1674), was an English statesman, lawyer, diplomat and historian who served as chief advisor to Charles I during the First English Civil War, and Lord Chancellor to Charles II from 1660 to 1667.

Hyde largely avoided involvement in the political disputes of the 1630s until elected to the Long Parliament in November 1640. Like many moderates he felt attempts by Charles I to rule without Parliament had gone too far, but by 1642 felt Parliament's leaders were, in turn, seeking too much power. A devout believer in an Episcopalian Church of England, his opposition to Puritan attempts to reform it drove much of his policy over the next two decades. He joined Charles in York shortly before the First English Civil War began in August 1642, and initially served as his senior political advisor. However, as the war turned against the Royalists, his rejection of attempts to build alliances with Scots Covenanters or Irish Catholics led to a decline in his influence.

In 1644, the king's son, the future Charles II, was placed in command of the West Country, with Hyde and his close friend Sir Ralph Hopton as part of his Governing Council. When the Royalists surrendered in June 1646, Hyde went into exile with the younger Charles, who (from the royalist perspective) became king after his father's execution in January 1649. Hyde avoided participation in the Second or Third English Civil War, for both involved alliances with Scots and English Presbyterians; instead he served as a diplomat in Paris and Madrid. After The Restoration in 1660, Charles II appointed him Chancellor of the Exchequer, while Hyde's daughter Anne married the future James II, making him grandfather of two queens, Mary II and Anne.

These links brought him both power and enemies, while Charles became increasingly irritated by his criticism; despite having limited responsibility for the disastrous 1665-to-1667 Second Anglo-Dutch War, he was charged with treason and forced into permanent exile. He lived in continental Europe until his death in 1674; during this period he completed The History of the Rebellion, now regarded as one of the most significant histories of the 1642-to-1646 civil war. First written as a defence of Charles I, it was extensively revised after 1667 and became far more critical and frank, particularly in its assessments of his contemporaries.